Selected recent carbon credit transactions involving geologic CDR

Selected recent carbon credit transactions for projects using geologic methods of CDR (NR = Not reported)

Announcement date / Delivery date	Buyer / seller	Project/type/ location	CO₂ tonnes	Price USD/tonne

7/16/25 / over 5 years	1PointFive / Palo Alto Networks	DACPS / Texas, USA	10,000	NR
7/14/25 / NR	Frontier / Limenet	OAE (using calcium bicarbonate) / Sicily, Italy	330	NR
6/24/25 / over 10 years	JPMorganChase / 1PointFive	DACPS / Texas, USA	50,000	NR
6/17/25 / Through 2034	SAP / Climeworks	DACCM, ERW, biochar / Iceland (DACCM), NR (ERW, biochar)	37,000	NR
6/16/25 / 6/16/25	Planetary / Stripe, Shopify, British Airways	OAE (using magnesium hydroxide) / Nova Scotia, Canada	626	NR
3/25/25 / 2027 - 2030	Frontier / Eion	ERW / U.S. south and midwest	78,707	$419
2/27/25 / 2027 - 2030	Frontier / Phlair	DACPS / Alberta, Canada	47,000	$651
1/6/25 / 1/6/25	Adyen / InPlanet	ERW / Brazil	236	NR
10-24-24 / Through 2037	Morgan Stanley / Climeworks	DACPS / Louisiana, USA (Cypress Hub)	40,000	NR
9-24-24/ over next 5 years	Microsoft / Eion	ERW (using olivine)/ Mid-Atlantic region of US	8,000	$300 - $400
9-23-24 / NR	British Airways / Climeworks (DAC), Carbfix (storage)	DACCM / Iceland	NR	NR
9-18-24/ NR	Frontier/ Flux	ERW / Kenya	1,142	$438
9-18-24 / NR	Frontier / Alt Carbon	ERW / Himalyan foothills, India	1,851	$243
9-18-24 / NR	Frontier/ Silica	ERW , Mexico sugar cane farms	1,266	$355
9-10-24 / early 2030s	Google / Holocene	DACPS or DACCM / NR	100,000	$100
7-16-24 / NR	Zurcher Kantonalbank / Climeworks(DAC), Carbfix (storage)	DACCM / Iceland	1,750	NR
7-11-24 Through 2030	Frontier/ 280Earth	DACCM / The Dalles, Oregon, USA	>60,000	<$667
7-9-24 / over 6 years	Microsoft / 1PointFive (Oxy)	DACPS / Ector County, TX USA (STRATOS)	500,000	NR
4/24 / mid-2025	KlimaDAO / Limenet	OAE (using calcium bicarbonate) / Sicily, Italy	1,000	NR
3-29-24 / 3/24	Frontier / Mati	ERW / Chhattisgarh, India	50	NR
1-16-24 / By 2030	Trafigura / 1PointFive	DACPS / Ector County, TX USA (STRATOS)	50,000	NR

Carbon credit markets and prices

Some of the first (or offsets) associated with any type of were sold around 2022 when committed to buying 640 credits from Lithos Carbon, with the credits to be generated in a future Lithos ERW project.

Since then, there have been numerous such "pre-purchase agreements" among geologic CDR project operators and credit purchasers. Projects include all types of geologic methods: DACPS, DACCM, ERW, and OAE.

In a pre-puchase agreement the carbon credit purchaser may pay for the credits at the start of a project and the project operator re-pays the purchaser with credits, later — perhaps years later — when the project is complete, the credits have been generated, and the credits have been registered in a carbon credit registry. In this case, a purchaser essentially acts as a lendor to a project when the purchaser pays for the credits before the project begins.

Transactions for carbon credits generated by geologic methods of CDR fall within the "" carbon credit market, in contrast to the much larger "" carbon credit market.

The motivation for a company to purchase carbon credits in the voluntary market is to reach their annual net-zero goals. The carbon credits offset a company's emissions and may enhance its environmental reputation. Governments also purchase carbon credits to offset their emissions and they provide grants and tax incentives to advance development of CDR for achieving national net-zero goals.

Credits using geologic methods of CDR tend to sell for prices higher than biologic-created credits. Prices for credits created by geologic CDR methods range between about $20 USD per ton of CO₂ removed to about $800 per ton removed. The lower end of the range is for low-tech enhanced weathering, while the higher end of the range is for higher-tech direct air capture with underground storage.

Many billions of dollars of carbon credits are sold worldwide each year in the $20 to $30 range in government-sponsored "compliance" ( ) markets. These credits are chiefly produced by low-tech and emissions avoidance practices such as modifications to farm practices. These CDR methods generally have much lower storage (decades to centuries) compared to geologic CDR methods (centuries to millenia).